Adsorptivno uklanjanje kritičnih elemenata iz rudničkih otpadnih voda
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30544/rudar45Keywords:
teški metali, rudarstvo, zagađenje životne sredine, pravna regulativa, Republika SrbijaAbstract
Očuvanje zdrave životne sredine predstavlja neophodni korak u postavljanju održivog razvoja društva u celini. Industrijska dinamika, na globalnom nivou, poremetila je ravnotežu između ekonomskih i ekoloških interesa i značaja. Rudarstvo u Republici Srbiji je u konstantnoj ekspanziji. Tokom prerade mineralnih sirovina, od kopanja, preko koncentrisanja do dobijanja kritičnih elemenata dolazi do nastajanja otpadnih voda koje je neophodno prečistiti pre ispuštanja u recipiijent. S obzirom na njihov nizak pH nivo i visoke koncentracije različitih konstituenata, njihovo slučajno ispuštanje može imati veoma štetan uticaj i na životnu sredinu i na ljudsko zdravlje. U ovom radu biće prikazane adsorptivne tehnike za ukljanjanje različitih metala (železo, bakar, kobalt, itd.), uz poređenje njihove efikasnosti i neophodnih procesnih parametara. Pored toga, biće dat pregled zakonske regulative u Republici Srbiji koja bitno utiče na oblast rudarstva i zaštite životne sredine.
References
The Business Research Company. (2025). Mining global market report 2025. https://www.thebusinessresearchcompany.com/report/mining-global-market-report
Ejraei, A., Aroon, M. A., & Saravani, A. Z. (2019). Wastewater treatment using a hybrid system combining adsorption, photocatalytic degradation and membrane filtration processes. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 28, 45–53.
Davoodbeygi, Y., Askari, M., Salehi, E., & Kheirieh, S. (2023). A review on hybrid membrane-adsorption systems for intensified water and wastewater treatment: Process configurations, separation targets, and materials applied. Journal of Environmental Management, 335, 117577.
Rahman, Z., & Singh, V. P. (2019). The relative impact of toxic heavy metals (THMs) (arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr)(VI), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb)) on the total environment: An overview. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 191(419).
Yan, F., Li, N., Wang, J., & Wu, H. (2023). Ecological footprint model of heavy metal pollution in water environment based on the potential ecological risk index. Journal of Environmental Management, 344, 118708.
Miclean, M., Cadar, O., Levei, E. A., Roman, R., Ozunu, A., & Levei, L. (2019). Metal (Pb, Cu, Cd, and Zn) transfer along food chain and health risk assessment through raw milk consumption from free-range cows. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16, 4064.
Nyarko, E., Boateng, C. M., Asamoah, O., Edusei, M. O., & Mahu, E. (2023). Potential human health risks associated with ingestion of heavy metals through fish consumption in the Gulf of Guinea. Toxicology Reports, 10, 117–123.
Zheng, K., Zeng, Z., Tian, Q., Huang, J., Zhong, Q., & Huo, X. (2023). Epidemiological evidence for the effect of environmental heavy metal exposure on the immune system in children. Science of the Total Environment, 868, 161691.
Tomiyama, S., & Igarashi, T. (2022). The potential threat of mine drainage to groundwater resources. Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health, 27, 100347.
Roa, A., Lopez, J., & Cortina, J. L. (2024). Recovery of rare earth elements from acidic mine waters: A circular treatment scheme utilizing selective precipitation and ion exchange. Separation and Purification Technology, 338, 126525.
Bogush, A. A., Dabu, C., Tikhova, V. D., Kim, J. K., & Campos, L. C. (2020). Biomass ashes for acid mine drainage remediation. Waste and Biomass Valorization, 11, 4977–4989.
Emergency Wash Knowledge. (n.d.). T13: Surface water treatment – Slow sand filtration. https://www.emergency-wash.org/water/images/svg/T13.svg
Januário, E. F. D., Vidovix, T. B., Bergamasco, R., & Vieira, A. M. S. (2021). Performance of a hybrid coagulation/flocculation process followed by modified microfiltration membranes for the removal of solophenyl blue dye. Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification, 168, 108577.
Yang, M., Lu, C., Zhang, S., Wang, Y., Xu, R., Zhang, M., ... & Li, Z. (2024). Concurrent removal of Fe (II), Cu (II), and Zn (II) cations from acid mine drainage by an industrial solid waste—Steel slag: Behaviors and mechanisms. Environmental Research, 263, 120105.
Liu, W., Rast, S., Wang, X., Lan, S., Owusu-Fordjour, E. Y., & Yang, X. (2024). Enhanced removal of Fe, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn from acid mine drainage using food waste compost and its mechanisms. Green and Smart Mining Engineering, 1(4), 375–386.
Feng, Z., Li, J., Chen, N., & Feng, C. (2025). Sulfonated corn stalk enhanced hydrogel adsorption for heavy metal from metal mine gallery effluent. Separation and Purification Technology, 357, 130160.
Hossain, N., Nizamuddin, S., & Shah, K. (2022). Thermal-chemical modified rice husk-based porous adsorbents for Cu (II), Pb (II), Zn (II), Mn (II) and Fe (III) adsorption. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 46, 102620.
Buzukashvili, S., Sommerville, R., Hu, W., Brooks, O., Kökkılıç, O., Ouzilleau, P., ... & Waters, K. E. (2024). Zeolite synthesis from coal fly ash and its application to heavy metals remediation from water contaminated with Pb, Cu, Zn and Ni ions. Minerals Engineering, 209, 108619.
Vujović, N., Alivojvodić, V., Radovanović, D., Štulović, M., Sokić, M., & Kokalj, F. (2025). Towards circularity in Serbian mining: Unlocking the potential of flotation tailings and fly ash. Minerals, 15(3), 254.
Zakon o zaštiti životne sredine. („Službeni glasnik RS”, br. 135/2004, 36/2009, 72/2009, 43/2011, 14/2016, 76/2018, 95/2018, 94/2024).
Zakon o upravljanju otpadom. („Službeni glasnik RS”, br. 36/2009, 88/2010, 14/2016, 95/2018, 35/2023).
Zakon o vodama. („Službeni glasnik RS”, br. 30/2010, 93/2012, 101/2016, 95/2018).
Zakon o zaštiti vazduha. („Službeni glasnik RS”, br. 36/2009, 10/2013, 26/2021).
Zakon o rudarstvu i geološkim istraživanjima. („Službeni glasnik RS”, br. 101/2015, 95/2018, 40/2021).
Zakon o integrisanom sprečavanju i kontroli zagađivanja životne sredine. („Službeni glasnik RS”, br. 135/2004, 25/2015, 109/2021).
Uredba o graničnim vrednostima emisije zagađujućih materija u vode i rokovima za njihovo dostizanje. („Službeni glasnik RS”, br. 67/2011, 48/2012, 1/2016).
Pravilnik o načinu i uslovima za merenje količine i ispitivanje kvaliteta otpadnih voda i njihovog uticaja na recipijent. („Službeni glasnik RS”, br. 18/2024).
